var loopback = require('loopback');
var app = loopback();

app.get('/', function(req, res){
  res.send('hello world');
});

app.listen(3000);

Class: LoopBackApplication Static Methods

{
  "dealership": {
    // a reference, by name, to a dataSource definition
    "dataSource": "my-db",
    // the options passed to Model.extend(name, properties, options)
    "options": {
      "relations": {
        "cars": {
          "type": "hasMany",
          "model": "Car",
          "foreignKey": "dealerId"  
        }
      }
    },
    // the properties passed to Model.extend(name, properties, options)
    "properties": {
      "id": {"id": true},
      "name": "String",
      "zip": "Number",
      "address": "String"
    }
  },
  "car": {
    "dataSource": "my-db"
    "properties": {
      "id": {
        "type": "String",
        "required": true,
        "id": true
      },
      "make": {
        "type": "String",
        "required": true
      },
      "model": {
        "type": "String",
        "required": true
      }
    }
  }
}

// enable docs
app.docs({basePath: 'http://localhost:3000'});

app.boot(__dirname); // optional

app.installMiddleware();

// [register your express routes here]

app.listen();

// listen on host/port configured in app config
app.listen();

// listen on the specified port and all hosts, ignore app config
app.listen(80);

var Widget = app.model('Widget', {dataSource: 'db'});
Widget.create({name: 'pencil'});
app.models.Widget.find(function(err, widgets) {
  console.log(widgets[0]); // => {name: 'pencil'}
});

var models = app.models();

models.forEach(function (Model) {
 console.log(Model.modelName); // color
});

var loopback = require('loopback');
 var app = loopback();
 app.boot({
  dataSources: {
    db: {connector: 'memory'}
  }
});

app.model('product', {dataSource: 'db'});
app.model('customer-receipt', {dataSource: 'db'});

// available based on the given name
var Product = app.models.Product;

// also available as camelCase
var product = app.models.product;

// multi-word models are avaiable as pascal cased
var CustomerReceipt = app.models.CustomerReceipt;

// also available as camelCase
var customerReceipt = app.models.customerReceipt;

LoopBack

Middleware

Class: AccessToken Static Methods

Class: AccessToken Instance Methods

Class: AccessContext Instance Methods

Class: AccessRequest Instance Methods

Class: Principal Instance Methods

Class: ACL Static Methods

Class: Scope Static Methods

Class: Application Static Methods

Class: Application Instance Methods

Class: Email Instance Methods

{
  from: "Fred Foo ✔ <[email protected]>", // sender address
  to: "[email protected], [email protected]", // list of receivers
  subject: "Hello ✔", // Subject line
  text: "Hello world ✔", // plaintext body
  html: "<b>Hello world ✔</b>" // html body
}

Class: Model Static Methods

Class: Role Static Methods

Class: User Static Methods

   User.login({username: 'foo', password: 'bar'}, function (err, token) {
     console.log(token.id);
   });

   User.logout('asd0a9f8dsj9s0s3223mk', function (err) {
     console.log(err || 'Logged out');
   });

Class: User Instance Methods

   var options = {
     type: 'email',
     to: user.email,
     template: 'verify.ejs',
     redirect: '/'
   };

   user.verify(options, next);

Data Source object

LoopBack models can manipulate data via the DataSource object. Attaching a DataSource to a Model adds instance methods and static methods to the Model; some of the added methods may be remote methods.

Define a data source for persisting models.

var oracle = loopback.createDataSource({
  connector: 'oracle',
  host: '111.22.333.44',
  database: 'MYDB',
  username: 'username',
  password: 'password'
});

Methods

dataSource.createModel(name, properties, options)

Define a model and attach it to a DataSource.

var Color = oracle.createModel('color', {name: String});

You can define an ACL when you create a new data source with the DataSource.create() method. For example:

var Customer = ds.createModel('Customer', {
      name: {
        type: String,
        acls: [
          {principalType: ACL.USER, principalId: 'u001', accessType: ACL.WRITE, permission: ACL.DENY},
          {principalType: ACL.USER, principalId: 'u001', accessType: ACL.ALL, permission: ACL.ALLOW}
        ]
      }
    }, {
      acls: [
        {principalType: ACL.USER, principalId: 'u001', accessType: ACL.ALL, permission: ACL.ALLOW}
      ]
    });

dataSource.discoverModelDefinitions([username], fn)

Discover a set of model definitions (table or collection names) based on tables or collections in a data source.

oracle.discoverModelDefinitions(function (err, models) {
  models.forEach(function (def) {
    // def.name ~ the model name
    oracle.discoverSchema(null, def.name, function (err, schema) {
      console.log(schema);
    });
  });
});

dataSource.discoverSchema([owner], name, fn)

Discover the schema of a specific table or collection.

Example schema from oracle connector:

    {
      "name": "Product",
      "options": {
        "idInjection": false,
        "oracle": {
          "schema": "BLACKPOOL",
          "table": "PRODUCT"
        }
      },
      "properties": {
        "id": {
          "type": "String",
          "required": true,
          "length": 20,
          "id": 1,
          "oracle": {
            "columnName": "ID",
            "dataType": "VARCHAR2",
            "dataLength": 20,
            "nullable": "N"
          }
        },
        "name": {
          "type": "String",
          "required": false,
          "length": 64,
          "oracle": {
            "columnName": "NAME",
            "dataType": "VARCHAR2",
            "dataLength": 64,
            "nullable": "Y"
          }
        },
        "audibleRange": {
          "type": "Number",
          "required": false,
          "length": 22,
          "oracle": {
            "columnName": "AUDIBLE_RANGE",
            "dataType": "NUMBER",
            "dataLength": 22,
            "nullable": "Y"
          }
        },
        "effectiveRange": {
          "type": "Number",
          "required": false,
          "length": 22,
          "oracle": {
            "columnName": "EFFECTIVE_RANGE",
            "dataType": "NUMBER",
            "dataLength": 22,
            "nullable": "Y"
          }
        },
        "rounds": {
          "type": "Number",
          "required": false,
          "length": 22,
          "oracle": {
            "columnName": "ROUNDS",
            "dataType": "NUMBER",
            "dataLength": 22,
            "nullable": "Y"
          }
        },
        "extras": {
          "type": "String",
          "required": false,
          "length": 64,
          "oracle": {
            "columnName": "EXTRAS",
            "dataType": "VARCHAR2",
            "dataLength": 64,
            "nullable": "Y"
          }
        },
        "fireModes": {
          "type": "String",
          "required": false,
          "length": 64,
          "oracle": {
            "columnName": "FIRE_MODES",
            "dataType": "VARCHAR2",
            "dataLength": 64,
            "nullable": "Y"
          }
        }
      }
    }

dataSource.enableRemote(operation)

Enable remote access to a data source operation. Each connector has its own set of set remotely enabled and disabled operations. You can always list these by calling dataSource.operations().

dataSource.disableRemote(operation)

Disable remote access to a data source operation. Each connector has its own set of set enabled and disabled operations. You can always list these by calling dataSource.operations().

// all rest data source operations are
// disabled by default
var oracle = loopback.createDataSource({
  connector: require('loopback-connector-oracle'),
  host: '...',
  ...
});

// or only disable it as a remote method
oracle.disableRemote('destroyAll');

Notes:

• Disabled operations will not be added to attached models.
• Disabling the remoting for a method only affects client access (it will still be available from server models).
• Data sources must enable / disable operations before attaching or creating models.

dataSource.operations()

List the enabled and disabled operations.

console.log(oracle.operations());

Output:

{
  find: {
    remoteEnabled: true,
    accepts: [...],
    returns: [...]
    enabled: true
  },
  save: {
    remoteEnabled: true,
    prototype: true,
    accepts: [...],
    returns: [...],
    enabled: true
  },
  ...
}

GeoPoint object

The GeoPoint object represents a physical location.

Use the GeoPoint class.

var GeoPoint = require('loopback').GeoPoint;

Embed a latitude / longitude point in a Model.

var CoffeeShop = loopback.createModel('coffee-shop', {
  location: 'GeoPoint'
});

You can query LoopBack models with a GeoPoint property and an attached data source using geo-spatial filters and sorting. For example, the following code finds the three nearest coffee shops.

CoffeeShop.attachTo(oracle);
var here = new GeoPoint({lat: 10.32424, lng: 5.84978});
CoffeeShop.find({where: {location: {near: here}}, limit:3}, function(err, nearbyShops) {
  console.info(nearbyShops); // [CoffeeShop, ...]
});

Distance Types

Note: all distance methods use miles by default.

• miles
• radians
• kilometers
• meters
• miles
• feet
• degrees

Methods

geoPoint.distanceTo(geoPoint, options)

Get the distance to another GeoPoint; for example:

var here = new GeoPoint({lat: 10, lng: 10});
var there = new GeoPoint({lat: 5, lng: 5});
console.log(here.distanceTo(there, {type: 'miles'})); // 438

GeoPoint.distanceBetween(a, b, options)

Get the distance between two points; for example:

GeoPoint.distanceBetween(here, there, {type: 'miles'}) // 438

Properties

geoPoint.lat

The latitude point in degrees. Range: -90 to 90.

geoPoint.lng

The longitude point in degrees. Range: -180 to 180.

Model object

A Loopback Model is a vanilla JavaScript class constructor with an attached set of properties and options. A Model instance is created by passing a data object containing properties to the Model constructor. A Model constructor will clean the object passed to it and only set the values matching the properties you define.

// valid color
var Color = loopback.createModel('color', {name: String});
var red = new Color({name: 'red'});
console.log(red.name); // red

// invalid color
var foo = new Color({bar: 'bat baz'});
console.log(foo.bar); // undefined

Properties

A model defines a list of property names, types and other validation metadata. A DataSource uses this definition to validate a Model during operations such as save().

Options

Some DataSources may support additional Model options.

Define A Loopbackmodel.

var User = loopback.createModel('user', {
  first: String,
  last: String,
  age: Number
});

Methods

Model.attachTo(dataSource)

Attach a model to a DataSource. Attaching a DataSource updates the model with additional methods and behaviors.

var oracle = loopback.createDataSource({
  connector: require('loopback-connector-oracle'),
  host: '111.22.333.44',
  database: 'MYDB',
  username: 'username',
  password: 'password'
});

User.attachTo(oracle);

Note: until a model is attached to a data source it will not have any attached methods.

Properties

Model.properties

An object containing a normalized set of properties supplied to loopback.createModel(name, properties).

Example:

var props = {
  a: String,
  b: {type: 'Number'},
  c: {type: 'String', min: 10, max: 100},
  d: Date,
  e: loopback.GeoPoint
};

var MyModel = loopback.createModel('foo', props);

console.log(MyModel.properties);

Outputs:

{
  "a": {type: String},
  "b": {type: Number},
  "c": {
    "type": String,
    "min": 10,
    "max": 100
  },
  "d": {type: Date},
  "e": {type: GeoPoint},
  "id": {
    "id": 1
  }
}

CRUD and Query Mixins

Mixins are added by attaching a vanilla model to a data source with a connector. Each connector enables its own set of operations that are mixed into a Model as methods. To see available methods for a data source call dataSource.operations().

Log the available methods for a memory data source.

var ops = loopback
    .createDataSource({connector: loopback.Memory})
    .operations();

console.log(Object.keys(ops));

Outputs:

[ 'create',
  'updateOrCreate',
  'upsert',
  'findOrCreate',
  'exists',
  'findById',
  'find',
  'all',
  'findOne',
  'destroyAll',
  'deleteAll',
  'count',
  'include',
  'relationNameFor',
  'hasMany',
  'belongsTo',
  'hasAndBelongsToMany',
  'save',
  'isNewRecord',
  'destroy',
  'delete',
  'updateAttribute',
  'updateAttributes',
  'reload' ]

Here is the definition of the count() operation.

{
  accepts: [ { arg: 'where', type: 'object' } ],
  http: { verb: 'get', path: '/count' },
  remoteEnabled: true,
  name: 'count'
}

Static Methods

Note: These are the default mixin methods for a Model attached to a data source. See the specific connector for additional API documentation.

Model.create(data, [callback])

Create an instance of Model with given data and save to the attached data source. Callback is optional.

User.create({first: 'Joe', last: 'Bob'}, function(err, user) {
  console.log(user instanceof User); // true
});

Note: You must include a callback and use the created model provided in the callback if your code depends on your model being saved or having an id.

Model.count([query], callback)

Query count of Model instances in data source. Optional query param allows to count filtered set of Model instances.

User.count({approved: true}, function(err, count) {
  console.log(count); // 2081
});

Model.find(filter, callback)

Find all instances of Model, matched by query. Fields used for filter and sort should be declared with {index: true} in model definition.

filter

• where Object { key: val, key2: {gt: 'val2'}} The search criteria

  • Format: {key: val} or {key: {op: val}}
  • Operations:
    • gt: >
    • gte: >=
    • lt: <
    • lte: <=
    • between
    • inq: IN
    • nin: NOT IN
    • neq: !=
    • like: LIKE
    • nlike: NOT LIKE

• include String, Object or Array Allows you to load relations of several objects and optimize numbers of requests.

  • Format:
    • 'posts': Load posts
    • ['posts', 'passports']: Load posts and passports
    • {'owner': 'posts'}: Load owner and owner's posts
    • {'owner': ['posts', 'passports']}: Load owner, owner's posts, and owner's passports
    • {'owner': [{posts: 'images'}, 'passports']}: Load owner, owner's posts, owner's posts' images, and owner's passports

• order String The sorting order

  • Format: 'key1 ASC, key2 DESC'

• limit Number The maximum number of instances to be returned

• skip Number Skip the number of instances

• offset Number Alias for skip

• fields Object|Array|String The included/excluded fields

  • ['foo'] or 'foo' - include only the foo property
  • ['foo', 'bar'] - include the foo and bar properties
  • {foo: true} - include only foo
  • {bat: false} - include all properties, exclude bat

Find the second page of 10 users over age 21 in descending order exluding the password property.

User.find({
  where: {
    age: {gt: 21}},
    order: 'age DESC',
    limit: 10,
    skip: 10,
    fields: {password: false}
  },
  console.log
);

Note: See the specific connector's docs for more info.

Model.destroyAll([where], callback)

Delete all Model instances from data source. Note: destroyAll method does not perform destroy hooks.

Product.destroyAll({price: {gt: 99}}, function(err) {
  // removed matching products
});

*NOTE: where is optional and a where object... do NOT pass a filter object

Model.findById(id, callback)

Find instance by id.

User.findById(23, function(err, user) {
  console.info(user.id); // 23
});

Model.findOne(where, callback)

Find a single instance that matches the given where expression.

User.findOne({id: 23}, function(err, user) {
  console.info(user.id); // 23
});

Model.upsert(data, callback)

Update when record with id=data.id found, insert otherwise. Note: no setters, validations or hooks applied when using upsert.

Custom static methods

Define a static model method.

User.login = function (username, password, fn) {
  var passwordHash = hashPassword(password);
  this.findOne({username: username}, function (err, user) {
    var failErr = new Error('login failed');

    if(err) {
      fn(err);
    } else if(!user) {
      fn(failErr);
    } else if(user.password === passwordHash) {
      MyAccessTokenModel.create({userId: user.id}, function (err, accessToken) {
        fn(null, accessToken.id);
      });
    } else {
      fn(failErr);
    }
  });
}

Setup the static model method to be exposed to clients as a remote method.

loopback.remoteMethod(
  User.login,
  {
    accepts: [
      {arg: 'username', type: 'string', required: true},
      {arg: 'password', type: 'string', required: true}
    ],
    returns: {arg: 'sessionId', type: 'any'},
    http: {path: '/sign-in'}
  }
);

Instance methods

Note: These are the default mixin methods for a Model attached to a data source. See the specific connector for additional API documentation.

model.save([options], [callback])

Save an instance of a Model to the attached data source.

var joe = new User({first: 'Joe', last: 'Bob'});
joe.save(function(err, user) {
  if(user.errors) {
    console.log(user.errors);
  } else {
    console.log(user.id);
  }
});

model.updateAttributes(data, [callback])

Save specified attributes to the attached data source.

user.updateAttributes({
  first: 'updatedFirst',
  name: 'updatedLast'
}, fn);

model.destroy([callback])

Remove a model from the attached data source.

model.destroy(function(err) {
  // model instance destroyed
});

Custom instance methods

Define an instance method.

User.prototype.logout = function (fn) {
  MySessionModel.destroyAll({userId: this.id}, fn);
}

Define a remote model instance method.

loopback.remoteMethod(User.prototype.logout)

Relationships

Model.hasMany(Model, options)

Define a "one to many" relationship.

// by referencing model
Book.hasMany(Chapter);
// specify the name
Book.hasMany('chapters', {model: Chapter});

Query and create the related models.

Book.create(function(err, book) {
  // create a chapter instance
  // ready to be saved in the data source
  var chapter = book.chapters.build({name: 'Chapter 1'});

  // save the new chapter
  chapter.save();

  // you can also call the Chapter.create method with
  // the `chapters` property which will build a chapter
  // instance and save the it in the data source
  book.chapters.create({name: 'Chapter 2'}, function(err, savedChapter) {
    // this callback is optional
  });

  // query chapters for the book using the 
  book.chapters(function(err, chapters) {
    // all chapters with bookId = book.id
    console.log(chapters);
  });

  book.chapters({where: {name: 'test'}, function(err, chapters) {
    // all chapters with bookId = book.id and name = 'test'
    console.log(chapters);
  });
});

Model.belongsTo(Model, options)

A belongsTo relation sets up a one-to-one connection with another model, such that each instance of the declaring model "belongs to" one instance of the other model. For example, if your application includes users and posts, and each post can be written by exactly one user.

    Post.belongsTo(User, {as: 'author', foreignKey: 'userId'});

The code above basically says Post has a reference called author to User using the userId property of Post as the foreign key. Now we can access the author in one of the following styles:

    post.author(callback); // Get the User object for the post author asynchronously
    post.author(); // Get the User object for the post author synchronously
    post.author(user) // Set the author to be the given user

Model.hasAndBelongsToMany(Model, options)

A hasAndBelongsToMany relation creates a direct many-to-many connection with another model, with no intervening model. For example, if your application includes users and groups, with each group having many users and each user appearing in many groups, you could declare the models this way,

    User.hasAndBelongsToMany('groups', {model: Group, foreignKey: 'groupId'});
    user.groups(callback); // get groups of the user
    user.groups.create(data, callback); // create a new group and connect it with the user
    user.groups.add(group, callback); // connect an existing group with the user
    user.groups.remove(group, callback); // remove the user from the group

Validations

Model.validatesFormatOf(property, options)

Require a model to include a property that matches the given format.

User.validatesFormat('name', {with: /\w+/});

Model.validatesPresenceOf(properties...)

Require a model to include a property to be considered valid.

User.validatesPresenceOf('first', 'last', 'age');

Model.validatesLengthOf(property, options)

Require a property length to be within a specified range.

User.validatesLengthOf('password', {min: 5, message: {min: 'Password is too short'}});

Model.validatesInclusionOf(property, options)

Require a value for property to be in the specified array.

User.validatesInclusionOf('gender', {in: ['male', 'female']});

Model.validatesExclusionOf(property, options)

Require a value for property to not exist in the specified array.

User.validatesExclusionOf('domain', {in: ['www', 'billing', 'admin']});

Model.validatesNumericalityOf(property, options)

Require a value for property to be a specific type of Number.

User.validatesNumericalityOf('age', {int: true});

Model.validatesUniquenessOf(property, options)

Ensure the value for property is unique in the collection of models.

User.validatesUniquenessOf('email', {message: 'email is not unique'});

Note: not available for all connectors.

Currently supported in these connectors:

• In Memory
• Oracle
• MongoDB

myModel.isValid()

Validate the model instance.

user.isValid(function (valid) {
    if (!valid) {
        console.log(user.errors);
        // => hash of errors
        // => {
        // =>   username: [errmessage, errmessage, ...],
        // =>   email: ...
        // => }
    }
});

loopback.ValidationError

ValidationError is raised when the application attempts to save an invalid model instance.

Example:

{
  "name": "ValidationError",
  "status": 422,
  "message": "The Model instance is not valid. \
     See `details` property of the error object for more info.",
  "statusCode": 422,
  "details": {
    "context": "user",
    "codes": {
      "password": [
        "presence"
      ],
      "email": [
        "uniqueness"
      ]
    },
    "messages": {
      "password": [
        "can't be blank"
      ],
      "email": [
        "Email already exists"
      ]
    }
  },
}

You might run into situations where you need to raise a validation error yourself, for example in a "before" hook or a custom model method.

MyModel.prototype.preflight = function(changes, callback) {
  // Update properties, do not save to db
  for (var key in changes) {
    model[key] = changes[key];
  }

  if (model.isValid()) {
    return callback(null, { success: true });
  }

  // This line shows how to create a ValidationError
  err = new ValidationError(model);
  callback(err);
}

Shared methods

Any static or instance method can be decorated as shared. These methods are exposed over the provided transport (eg. loopback.rest).

Remote methods and hooks

You can expose a Model's instance and static methods to clients. A remote method must accept a callback with the conventional fn(err, result, ...) signature.

Static Methods

loopback.remoteMethod(fn, [options])

Expose a remote method.

Product.stats = function(fn) {
  var statsResult = {
    totalPurchased: 123456
  };
  var err = null;

  // callback with an error and the result
  fn(err, statsResult);
}

loopback.remoteMethod(
  Product.stats,
  {
    returns: {arg: 'stats', type: 'object'},
    http: {path: '/info', verb: 'get'}
  }
);

Options

The options argument is a JSON object, described in the following table.

Argument description

The arguments description defines either a single argument as an object or an ordered set of arguments as an array. Each individual argument has keys for:

• arg: argument name
• type: argument datatype; must be a loopback type.
• required: Boolean value indicating if argument is required.
• root: For callback arguments: set this property to true if your function has a single callback argument to use as the root object returned to remote caller. Otherwise the root object returned is a map (argument-name to argument-value).
• http: For input arguments: a function or an object describing mapping from HTTP request to the argument value, as explained below.

For example, a single argument, specified as an object:

{arg: 'myArg', type: 'number'}

Multiple arguments, specified as an array:

[
  {arg: 'arg1', type: 'number', required: true},
  {arg: 'arg2', type: 'array'}
]

HTTP mapping of input arguments

There are two ways to specify HTTP mapping for input parameters (what the method accepts):

• Provide an object with a source property
• Specify a custom mapping function

To use the first way to specify HTTP mapping for input parameters, provide an object with a source property that has one of the values shown in the following table.

For example, an argument getting the whole request body as the value:

{ arg: 'data', type: 'object', http: { source: 'body' } }

The use the second way to specify HTTP mapping for input parameters, specify a custom mapping function that looks like this:

{
  arg: 'custom',
  type: 'number',
  http: function(ctx) {
    // ctx is LoopBack Context object

    // 1. Get the HTTP request object as provided by Express
    var req = ctx.req;

    // 2. Get 'a' and 'b' from query string or form data
    // and return their sum as the value
    return +req.param('a') + req.param('b');
  }
}

If you don't specify a mapping, LoopBack will determine the value as follows (assuming name as the name of the input parameter to resolve):

1. If there is a HTTP request parameter args with a JSON content, then the value of args['name'] is used if it is defined.
2. Otherwise req.param('name') is returned.

Remote hooks

Run a function before or after a remote method is called by a client.

// *.save === prototype.save
User.beforeRemote('*.save', function(ctx, user, next) {
  if(ctx.user) {
    next();
  } else {
    next(new Error('must be logged in to update'))
  }
});

User.afterRemote('*.save', function(ctx, user, next) {
  console.log('user has been saved', user);
  next();
});

Remote hooks also support wildcards. Run a function before any remote method is called.

// ** will match both prototype.* and *.*
User.beforeRemote('**', function(ctx, user, next) {
  console.log(ctx.methodString, 'was invoked remotely'); // users.prototype.save was invoked remotely
  next();
});

Other wildcard examples

// run before any static method eg. User.find
User.beforeRemote('*', ...);

// run before any instance method eg. User.prototype.save
User.beforeRemote('prototype.*', ...);

// prevent password hashes from being sent to clients
User.afterRemote('**', function (ctx, user, next) {
  if(ctx.result) {
    if(Array.isArray(ctx.result)) {
      ctx.result.forEach(function (result) {
        result.password = undefined;
      });
    } else {
      ctx.result.password = undefined;
    }
  }

  next();
});

Context

Remote hooks are provided with a Context ctx object which contains transport specific data (eg. for http: req and res). The ctx object also has a set of consistent apis across transports.

ctx.user

A Model representing the user calling the method remotely. Note: this is undefined if the remote method is not invoked by a logged in user.

ctx.result

During afterRemote hooks, ctx.result will contain the data about to be sent to a client. Modify this object to transform data before it is sent.

REST

When loopback.rest is used the following additional ctx properties are available.

ctx.req

The express ServerRequest object. See full documentation.

ctx.res

The express ServerResponse object. See full documentation.